Jerzy Kmita’s Methodological Interpretation of Karl Marx’s Philosophy. From Ideology to Methodological Concepts

The article presents J. Kmita’s methodological interpretation of selected cognitive methods used by K. Marx. Those methods were (and I believe they still are) significant for the social sciences and the humanities, even a century after they had been developed. J Kmita’s interpretation reveals specificity of epistemic procedures carried out by the author of “Capital” and emphasizes contemporary actuality of Marx’s epistemological ideas. To achieve that aim, Kmita refers to the concepts established in the field of philosophy of science of his time. According to J. Kmita, the attractiveness of Marx’s approach lies in the opportunity to develop a methodological interpretation of Marx philosophy, which in turn enables the formation of a unique theory of science development, alternative to those provided by logical positivism, falsificationism, neopragmatism or sociology of knowledge. Such theory would combine the perspective of sociology of knowledge with an epistemological approach to the development of science

Pojawienie się filozofii w Europie i faktu tego następstwa

In this paper the author attempts to answer the question why the European culture – since the sixteenth century – has gained a civilizational advantage over other cultural circles. The proposed answer focuses on philosophy and its genesis. The author concludes that the emergence of philosophy constitutes new, hitherto unknown way of thinking which has overcome the „magical thought”. Spectacular transformations of European culture, therefore, seem to begin with philosophical thinking, i.e. with the emergence of philosophy.In this paper the author attempts to answer the question why the European culture – since the sixteenth century – has gained a civilizational advantage over other cultural circles. The proposed answer focuses on philosophy and its genesis. The author concludes that the emergence of philosophy constitutes new, hitherto unknown way of thinking which has overcome the „magical thought”. Spectacular transformations of European culture, therefore, seem to begin with philosophical thinking, i.e. with the emergence of philosophy

Low metabolic activity of biofilm formed by Enterococcus faecalis isolated from healthy humans and wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)

It is widely known that Enterococcus faecalis virulence is related to its biofilm formation. Although Enterococci are common commensal organisms of the gastrointestinal tract, the difference between commensal and pathogen strains remain unclear. In this study, we compare the biochemical profile of the biofilms formed by two groups of medical and two groups of commensal strains. The medical strains were isolated as pathogens from infections of urinary tract and other infections (wounds, pus and bedsores), and the commensal strains were taken from faeces of healthy volunteers and faeces of wild mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) living in an urban environment. The properties of biofilms formed by medical and commensal strains differed significantly. Commensal strains showed lower metabolic activity and glucose uptake and higher biofilm biomass than the medical ones. Consistent with glucose uptake experiments, we found that the glucose dehydrogenase gene was more expressed in medical strains. These results indicate that higher metabolic activity and lower protein concentration of E. faecalis cells within biofilms are formed during infections.This work was supported by the Medical University of Gdansk research grant (GUMed W-65) and was financed partly by University of Gdansk research grant (BW 1440-5-0099-7). We are grateful to Katarzyna Zolkos for her help in catching mallards and Magdalena Remisiewicz for correcting the English. Catarina Seabra helped in preparing assays

Po co rozum miałby poznawać wszystko?

Zakres osiągnięć współczesnej nauki, zwłaszcza nauk przyrodniczych, jest wieloraki i niesłychanie zróżnicowany, i to w każdej dyscyplinie. Budzi on powszechny zachwyt i uznanie. Wiedza naukowa wywiera przecież ogromny wpływ na stan naszej cywilizacji i jakość naszego życia. Pozwala realizować marzenia człowieka i ludzkości o potędze. Wszystkie te niekwestionowane osiągnięcia nauk przyrodniczych (odstąpię od ich wyliczania) uzyskano za pomocą rozumu przyrodoznawczego

Jerzego Kmity interpretacja metodologiczna filozofii Karola Marksa. Od ideologii do pojęć metodologicznych

The article presents J. Kmita’s methodological interpretation of selected cognitive methods used by K. Marx. Those methods were (and I believe they still are) significant for the social sciences and the humanities, even a century after they had been developed. J Kmita’s interpretation reveals specificity of epistemic procedures carried out by the author of “Capital” and emphasizes contemporary actuality of Marx’s epistemological ideas. To achieve that aim, Kmita refers to the concepts established in the field of philosophy of science of his time. According to J. Kmita, the attractiveness of Marx’s approach lies in the opportunity to develop a methodological interpretation of Marx philosophy, which in turn enables the formation of a unique theory of science development, alternative to those provided by logical positivism, falsificationism, neopragmatism or sociology of knowledge. Such theory would combine the perspective of sociology of knowledge with an epistemological approach to the development of scienceW artykule przedstawia się interpretację metodologiczną wybranych przez J. Kmitę metod poznawczych stosowanych przez K. Marksa. Metody te, były (i mys lę, z e są nadal) doniosłe dla uprawiania nauk społecznych i humanistycznych jeszcze po stu latach od ich powstania. W przeprowadzonej interpretacji, wydobywa J. Kmita specyfikę sposobu postępowania poznawczego two rcy Kapitału oraz ukazuje aktualnos c rozwiązan epistemologicznych Marksa. Wykorzystuje do tego celu dorobek wspo łczesnego mu stanu filozofii nauki. Atrakcyjnos c Marksa, zdaniem J. Kmity, lez y w moz liwos ci wypracowania w oparciu o metodologicznie zinterpretowany dorobek Marksa, nowatorskiej w stosunku do logicznego empiryzmu, falsyfikacjonizmu, neopragmatyzmu czy socjologii wiedzy, koncepcji rozwoju nauki. Łączyłaby ona perspektywę socjologii wiedzy z podejs ciem epistemologicznym w charakteryzowaniu procesu rozwoju nauki.Publikacja została sfinansowana ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach programu Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji 0014/NPRH4/H3b/83/2016 - projekt „Przygotowanie i publikacja dwóch anglojęzycznych numerów monograficznych Internetowego Magazynu Filozoficznego HYBRIS” (3bH 15 0014 83)

Emergence of Philosophy in Europe and its Consequences

In this paper the author attempts to answer the question why the European culture – since the sixteenth century – has gained a civilizational advantage over other cultural circles. The proposed answer focuses on philosophy and its genesis. The author concludes that the emergence of philosophy constitutes new, hitherto unknown way of thinking which has overcome the „magical thought”. Spectacular transformations of European culture, therefore, seem to begin with philosophical thinking, i.e. with the emergence of philosophy

Changes in the Protein Profile in Staphylococcal Strains from Patients Infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

Staphylococcus aureus strains are particularly often isolated from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the current research was to determine whether the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection affects the protein profile of S. aureus. Bacteria were isolated from the forty swabs collected from the patients in the hospitals of the Pomeranian region. MALDI-TOF MS spectra were obtained using a Microflex LT instrument. Twenty-nine peaks were identified. The peak (2,430) is described here for the first time and was unique for the isolates from patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These results support the hypothesis of bacterial adaptation to the conditions caused by viral infection